The El Niño forecast data for the next 20 years is derived using advanced climate models and historical data analysis. Key sources include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These organizations provide comprehensive research and datasets on global climate patterns, including sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions.

El Niño events are characterized by the periodic warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which significantly impacts global weather patterns. The forecast considers factors such as sea surface temperature anomalies, atmospheric circulation changes, and long-term climate trends. Enhanced modeling techniques and data from satellite observations are utilized to predict the timing, duration, and intensity of future El Niño events.

These forecasts help in understanding the potential impacts of El Niño on different regions, enabling better preparation and mitigation strategies to address the associated challenges, such as extreme temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of droughts and floods.